First, don’t forget that there will be a new episode of Dual Survival on tonight, 9:00pm EST. The new one is titled “Trouble in Paradise” and the description says:
Cody searches for water and firemaking tools on an uninhabited Hawaiian island; Joe battles feral boars.
And now, on to “Into the Frying Pan”.
I liked this show the best so far. It appears that Cody and Joe are hitting their strides. Joe still comes off a maybe a bit too intense, but that it moderating. Dave was better at projecting a certain “down home” attitude, even when going full bore.
This episode took place in the Chihuahuan Desert in southern New Mexico and started with the set-up of having two lost miners, and one of those miners down an old mine shaft.
The rescue was pretty straightforward: they found some wire to use as a support rope and hauled Joe up. One thing that they didn’t show, however, was exactly how they attached it to Joe. You don’t want somebody trying that and attaching it to a belt loop—that would fail almost immediately.
Cody and Joe’s first “spat” occurred when Joe wanted to immediately leave that spot, as if it were accursed. Hey, it was just a place, and no different, better, or worse, than any other spot. Cody’s counsel was to stay put and make a plan. Cody also learned to put things into terms that a military man could understand.
Cody: Tell me this. When you do an operation, how much planning goes into the operation?
Joe: Weeks. Months. Depends on what the operation is.
Exactly. There was no reason to prefer one spot over another.
Obviously, the point of that little vignette was to show how the adrenaline of an escape can affect judgment, and to let things calm down a bit and not go rushing off planless.
Joe’s use of the canvas backpack as a container for pulling up water from mineshaft was a good demonstration, but it should not have been a surprise that it was hard to get back out. From my look at it, it might have held maybe 2 to 3 gallons of water—you’re talking maybe 20 pounds.
Another trick they could have at least talked about was just using any old rag, dipping it, then squeezing it out back on top. That would still have been available if somehow the weight of the backpack water had ripped its straps.
In this episode Joe didn’t make any unkind comments about Cody’s feet at all. Cody just did his usual traipsing over all sorts of terrain.
They came upon two dead cows. One was far gone and completely dessicated; the other still early on in rotting and being consumed by flies.
Here is the first one.
Cody showed how to make sandals from it, making the point that, even for him, there are places that one cannot go barefoot. This is the sort of effort that was fairly innocuous and worth doing. Cody cut the pieces of the rawhide, and also used a yucca to make cordage, emphasizing the strength of reverse-wrap ply. (This is something I really need to learn to do—there’s a technique to it that Cody shows way too quickly.)
Here’s Cody wearing his sandals.
They showed that just to show that they worked (and they do look pretty good, don’t they?), because in the very next scene, Cody is in his preferred barefoot condition again.
Joe, on the other hand, decided that he needed a huge chunk of rawhide of a fetid, rotting cow. As Cody pointed out, there really was no need for it. What the heck were they going to use it for? Joe made some weak excuses, but that is all they were. (At least the sandals were low exertion, low risk to get and make.) So we got to watch Joe be swarmed with flies, nearly throwing up, and he cut the rawhide off the dead cow.
I have no doubts that this is something that the production crew had Joe do, just to demonstrate a point. That point was carefully articulated at the end by Joe:
You’ve got to take yourself to a place where you’re going through the motions but your mind’s not there.
In a real survival situation, that really is important. The ability to abstract yourself really does matter in getting done what needs to be done. I think the trouble with this scene, though, is that the little niggling in the backs of our minds that it really didn’t need to be done kept folks from appreciating the general principle.
And then there was the rattlesnake.
It’s not quite true that the rattle is “the absolute worst sound you want to hear in the desert.” Actually, you want to be glad you heard it. The snake is giving you warning to make it easy to avoid. I do agree, though, that suddenly hearing a rattlesnake rattle can nearly make you jump out of your skin.
Joe decides to kill it for food, which Cody objects to. In this spat, I think Cody was the one who was just slightly off. Food is food.
I’m also pretty sure that Cody is just wrong about his concern about protein requiring too much water in this situation. He doesn’t want the protein of the rattlesnake meat until he has sufficient water. Cody says
Protein uses the most metabolic water to digest, and I’m not going that direction until we find water.
Metabolic water is the water created through metabolism, not consumed. When all three of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats are completely metabolized, they produce water. Yes, protein produces less than any of the others, but it still produces it.
The other thing is, that snake wasn’t just pure protein, it was meat. Meat generally is about 60% water, so eating it not only could produce metabolic water, but would also give the eater the water in the tissues. (And that’s true even if rattlesnakes retain less than 60% water in their tissues. As long as it is not dessicated—that is dead and dried out—there’s water in them thar tissues.)
I’d also like to point out that proteins won’t be fully metabolized. A lot of what the body does is break it down into component essential amino acids, and then use those amino acids.
There is one special thing about proteins, though, and that is that the body does need to get rid of the ammonia-like urea that is produced, and that requires urine for elimination. But you don’t need all that much to pee.
So, in the end, I don’t think a shortage of water is a good reason not to eat an animal found in the desert (assuming you need the food energy, of course).
Then we got to see Joe trying to catch and kill the snake safely, while Cody laughed. It actually was fairly funny, though it pissed off Joe pretty tremendously.
First, yes, it was important for Joe to do it safely. So he got a long forked stick and tried to trap the snake just behind the head. The snake got out of this.
And then the snake got out of this.
But after quite a while, Joe finally trapped it the way he wanted and cut off its head.
What I didn’t understand was why he just didn’t whack the thing. Break its back. Then break its neck. Yes, it will still be writhing (as they showed the head still moving even after being cut off), but it won’t be actively slithering. Once it can’t go anywhere, then you can safely trap the head in the fork and cut it off.
I did like the way they showed how to make a signal mirror (but what kind of rock did they use to score and cut it in half?). I also think the show could have been just a bit clearer that they were just removing the silvering from the back of the mirror to make the crosshairs.
Regardless, it was really cool to see the thing in action.
Overall, it was a good show (if still a bit obviously contrived, though maybe I’m just a bit more sensitive to that now and see the nuts and bolts more easily). I liked this episode.
Anyways, don’t forget “Trouble in Paradise” tonight.
They never said what Joe did with that nasty hide. Did he make a cylindrical pouch out of it or is it just rolled up and tied to his back? Cody’s leatherwork was much more sensible.
I wondered the same thing about the scoring of the mirror. Also, I’d like to have had a lesson in how to aim the sun’s reflection at the target. I think you look through the hole in the mirror at your target and rotate the mirror until the reflection of the spot of light on your face disappears into the hole in the mirror. That should put the sun onto the target. Then you rotate it away and back to flash. I saw double-sided silver steel mirrors in boy scouts, but I never used them to signal with.
Bob, here’s a nice video on how to aim just a regular mirror. I can see how the scoring through the middle would make it somewhat easier to use, but I don’t see how the second mirror facing back would do anything. And we didn’t see Cody using his fingers to aim.
So I guess I still don’t understand just what he was doing (which means that this particular survival tip didn’t educate the way it should have).
> I’d like to have had a lesson in how to aim the sun’s reflection at the target
Okay: Here’s the training text and diagrams from the 1985 USAF survival training:
The double-sided signal mirror with a cross-shaped sighting aperture was standard issue in WWII – here is the WWII training film on how it works and how to use it:
For US military issue signal mirrors, this type of mirror was superceded in the US by the retroreflective aimer mirror, which was phased in starting in 1944, and had pretty much totally replaced it by the 1950s. There is a nice article on how those work (and how to use them) here:
http://www.equipped.com/phony_signal_mirrors.htm
Richard, thanks for finding that! You know, if Dual Survival is going to use something like that, they really need to explain it. (Maybe they ran out of time when editing the show.)
One other thing I find somewhat amusing. When I rewatched that scene, it was really cloudy—no shadows. So, they must have waited around for a while for the sun to pop out for a moment to get the flashing shot.
Double-sided (and retroreflective) signal mirror aimers are hard to explain. The short time available in the episode didn’t help. One WWII survivor wrote:
http://www.history.navy.mil/faqs/faq30-7.htm
“The emergency signaling mirror is not an easy, not by any means an easy gadget to use. It takes quite a bit of ingenuity. I say this because I think I have
normal intelligence, it took me about an hour and a half to two hours to chase
this so-called reflected cross on your body around to see that it reflects back
in the small cross in the back of the mirror and then you have to at the same
time see a plane in that. It is not at all easy when you’re going on a raft
which is not a steady platform. I felt that after two days trying this I had at
least mastered the technique and I felt certain that we were shining this thing
directly on planes, but maybe were weren’t.”
His mirror had instructions printed on the back, and also on the box, as here:

Between the text and video links I provided, do you think you have a handle on it?
For the actual construction – the Boy Scouts made double-sided mirrors for decades for their “Operation On-Target” peak to peak signal mirror event. They usually used a simple small hole rather than a cross, and “crazy glue” to hold them in proper alignment – as shown here:
If you have the materials, you can make a retroreflective aimer mirror, which
is a lot easier to use (though even harder to explain). This video is a great
tutorial, and also shows the view through the retroreflective mesh mirror aimers used in US military glass signal mirrors, Coghlan’s commercial
glass signal mirrors, and SOL “Rescue Flash” plastic signal mirrors. The last
two are under $10 (before tax) if you shop around. Cody recommends the mesh type (in glass) in his book. I keep a glass one in my car and in my backpack, and the (thin, light) “Rescue Flash” on my person.
Here’s another tutorial on making retroreflective aimer mirrors.
Thanks for featuring the Discovery episode. Signal mirrors are my hobby,
but I hadn’t seen that episode until I watched it online today here:
http://dsc.discovery.com/tv-shows/dual-survival/videos/into-the-frying-pan.htm
I purchased Cody’s book years ago, which has lots of good signal mirror information (preview here: http://tinyurl.com/signal-mirror-text ).
Cody points out in his book: http://tinyurl.com/signal-mirror-text
that an aimer is a huge help in using a signal mirror. Signal mirror flashes are very bright at very long range precisely because the core beam is only 1/2 deg in diameter. This means that you only have to be 1/4 of a degree off of perfect aim to miss. This photo shows how small that beam is in comparison to fingers at full extension:
http://www.flickr.com/photos/signalmirror/8422523906
US Coast Guard testing in WWII (admittedly, in the very difficult case of
signaling from a bobbing rubber raft to a moving plane), found that aimers
made a huge difference – double-sided mirrors were over 25 times as effective as mirrors without aimers, and mirrors with retroreflective aimers were 2.5 times as effective as double-sided mirrors.
http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015010566720;seq=91;view=image
http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015010566720;seq=110;view=image
I do think, in Cody’s situation, that a “foresight” aimer would have been easier to make, easier to use, just as accurate, and brighter. We’ve used them pretty successfully at ranges of 11 and 26 miles. I may be wrong about the “just as accurate” bit – in the USCG testing, the double-sided mirrors did almost twice as well as the manufactured foresight mirrors. Here’s the video I took of my friend using this method at 22 miles with a 2″x3″ steel mirror (really, too far for a steel mirror that small), and his hit rate was pretty good for his first attempt using that method, mirror, and range:
He did a whole lot better with a mesh retroreflective aimer, of course:
To make the “foresight” mirror, I’d keep the mirror in one piece, and use metal to scratch a small hole (about 1/4″) in the silvering. Then I’d reflect the light on my hand, and find the small “shadow spot” in the beam due to the hole in the silvering. I’d then look through the hole at the “shadow spot” on my hand, and orient everything so, with shadow spot on my hand at full extension, I saw my target through the center of the mirror hole with the target in the “vee” my forefinger and middle fingers outstretched and touching in a “cub scout salute”. You want the very center of the hole,
the very bottom of the vee, and the very center of the shadow, lined up to hit the target.